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Maternal adaptations to pregnancy depending on the sex of the fetus
Nekolová, Denisa ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Roberts, Kateřina (referee)
For the mother, pregnancy is a period of significant physical changes and transformations. The mother's physiological adaptations, including hormonal and immunological changes, and behavioural adaptations serve to ensure a successful pregnancy. However, different manifestations of these changes can be observed depending on the sex of the fetus. While human chorionic gonadotropin reaches higher levels in pregnancies with a female fetus, testosterone concentrations are higher in the presence of a male fetus. At the same time, increased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins have been detected in the presence of a male fetus. However, inconsistent results regarding the sex of the fetus can be observed when focusing on the levels of cortisol and progesterone. Adaptive protective mechanisms play an equally important role in embryo protection. In line with the expectation that the more vulnerable male fetus would require increased protection, higher levels of disgust sensitivity were observed in mothers pregnant with boys. In the case of pregnancy-related nausea, however, increased levels were repeatedly reported in mothers expecting girls. Thus, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms should be the subject of further studies.
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The most common knee injury in volleyball
Přádová, Kateřina ; Crhonková, Radka (advisor) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
A knee is the most complicated joint in our body. It is commonly injured during volleyball, mainly resulting as a knee pain syndrome or an acute rupture of an anterior cruciate ligament. In its theoretical part this bachelor thesis gives an overview of basic anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint, it deals with the gender differences in morfology and neurophysiology and it contains a chapter dealing with biomechanics of the knee joint in volleyball. The second part of this bachelor thesis is a research study searching for the most common knee injury in volleyball, comparing differences among men and women and comparing differences between indoor and beach volleyball. The most quoted injury of the knee joint was the injury of the ligament, but as the most serious and the most common injury players named an overuse injury. We didn't manage to compare an incidence in indoor and beach volleyball due to the lack of data. We didn't find a significant difference in the incidence and a character of injuries among men and women.
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Gender differences in myocardial apoptosis of the patients after heart tranplantation.
Smetana, Michal ; Szárszoi, Ondrej (advisor) ; Brát, Radim (referee) ; Neckář, Jan (referee)
Gender differences in myocardial apoptosis of the patients after heart transplantation Background: Many functions of the cardiovascular apparatus are influenced by gender. The aim of our study was to find out the sensitivity to perioperative ischemia of the donor female and male myocardium; and determine how the organism affects the donor myocardium of the other sex after heart transplantation (detection of apoptosis), and whether the investigated biomarkers can predict primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Methods: The research was divided into three prospective studies. The Study 1 included 81 patients undergoing heart transplantation from September 2010 to January 2013. Patients were divided into two groups according to male allograft and female allograft. In order to prove myocardial necrosis the high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) method was used. Apoptosis was determined by immunohistochemical detection of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and by the TUNEL method. The Study 2 includeded 58 patients divided into four groups according to gender; both of the recipient and the donor. Apoptosis (caspase-3, Bcl-2, TUNEL) was analysed in these groups during the two-year follow-up. Into Study 3 64 patients were involved. We investigated the relationship in between these biomarkers and the development of PGD after...
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Influence of experience with infidelity on setting the bottom limit of infidelity tolerance in a partner relationship
Kočvarová, Bohumila ; Klapilová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis "Influence of experience with infidelity on setting the bottom limit of infidelity tolerance in a partner relationship" deals with the issue of determining the bottom limit of partner exclusivity and its possible association with a previous infidelity experience. The main thesis of this work is that setting the limits of infidelity tolerance between partners in a relationship is quite individual and each person may perceive these limits very differently. This work is divided in two parts. The theoretical part focuses on analyzing selected findings about infidelity that have been so far collected in research studies or therapeutic sessions, and methodological shortcomings that arise from these findings. The practical part is a description of the research itself, and its goal to find out if infidelity experience affects the setting of tolerance limit in a relationship. It was examined whether it was an experience with the person"s own infidelity or infidelity if its partner, if it was an experience from a former relationship or a current one and if there is a difference between men and women in being influenced by the experience. Semi-structured interviews with a total of 26 people were conducted for this purpose and then analyzed in a qualitative way. The final part presents results and...
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The most common knee injury in volleyball
Přádová, Kateřina ; Crhonková, Radka (advisor) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
A knee is the most complicated joint in our body. It is commonly injured during volleyball, mainly resulting as a knee pain syndrome or an acute rupture of an anterior cruciate ligament. In its theoretical part this bachelor thesis gives an overview of basic anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint, it deals with the gender differences in morfology and neurophysiology and it contains a chapter dealing with biomechanics of the knee joint in volleyball. The second part of this bachelor thesis is a research study searching for the most common knee injury in volleyball, comparing differences among men and women and comparing differences between indoor and beach volleyball. The most quoted injury of the knee joint was the injury of the ligament, but as the most serious and the most common injury players named an overuse injury. We didn't manage to compare an incidence in indoor and beach volleyball due to the lack of data. We didn't find a significant difference in the incidence and a character of injuries among men and women.
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